女性泌尿生殖道疾病中阴道、尿道和尿液微生物群之间是否存在关联？

引言。尿路感染（UTI），包括复发性膀胱炎，通常根据主要尿路致病菌进行解释。然而，相邻泌尿生殖部位的微生物环境也可能具有相关性。本研究旨在评估尿路感染与泌尿生殖道不同部位微生物群之间的关联，以深入了解疾病发病机制和治疗方法。

材料与方法。本研究包括三组：健康志愿者组（n = 34）；有发生尿路感染风险的患者组（患有微肾结石和/或细菌性阴道病的女性；n = 16）；以及有复发性下尿路感染病史的患者组（n = 100）。使用了四种类型的生物材料：初段尿和中段尿样本、尿道拭子和阴道拭子。所有样本均采用Femoflor®16和BacScreen OM多重实时聚合酶链式反应试剂盒进行分析。

结果。在有尿路感染风险的患者以及复发性下尿路感染患者中，基因组DNA和细菌总量增加，而乳酸杆菌相对含量降低。这种情况仅见于中段尿和初段尿样本。在复发性下尿路感染患者中，尿道和阴道拭子中的乳酸杆菌相对水平仅轻度降低，但具有统计学意义。在有尿路感染风险的患者尿液样本中，兼性厌氧菌占优势；而在复发性下尿路感染患者中，兼性厌氧菌和专性厌氧菌均有所增加。

结论。中段尿和初段尿样本可可靠评估泌尿生殖道炎症。在复发性下尿路感染患者中，阴道微生物群与尿液微生物群之间未观察到严格相关性，这意味着尿路感染不一定影响阴道生物群落。

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