Прогнозируемая модель дизайна нановолокон пектина, полученных электроспиннингом, для биомедицинского применения

Пектин, имеющий различные структурные вариации полисахарид растительного происхождения, становится уникальной платформой для конструирования биоинструктивных нановолокнистых каркасов. По сравнению с другими природными полимерами, которые часто используют в электроспиннинге, такими как альгинат, гиалуроновая кислота или коллаген, пектин имеет уникальное сочетание мукоадгезивности, иммуномодулирующего потенциала и тонко настраиваемой молекулярной архитектуры, управляемой балансом доменов гомогалактуронана и рамногалактуронана. Однако его внутреннее полиэлектролитное поведение, низкая степень запутывания цепей и высокая растворимость в воде исторически ограничивали его применение в производстве нановолокон. Недавние достижения в области химической модификации, подбора растворителей и постспиннинговой стабилизации позволили получать методом электроспиннинга волокна пектина с контролируемой морфологией, механической стабильностью и кинетикой деградации. В этом обзоре представлена модель прогноза «структура–свойства–функция» для рационального дизайна нановолокон пектина, полученных электроспиннингом, для биомедицинского применения. Мы распределили молекулярные стратегии на три группы (ковалентные, физические и композиционные) и оценили, как каждая из них влияет на формирование волокон и их последующие биологические характеристики, уделяя особое внимание иммунологическому взаимодействию, загрузке биоактивных веществ и ремоделированию каркаса. В то же время мы указываем на ограничения практического применения модели, включая вариабельность материала, чувствительность к стерилизации и несоответствие химии сшивания регуляторным требованиям. В представленном обзоре учтены эти факторы и предложена дорожная карта усовершенствования материалов на основе электроспан-пектина от этапа лабораторных прототипов до платформ для клинического применения в регенеративной медицине, заживлении ран и локальной доставки терапевтических средств.

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