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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">ejols</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">The Eurasian Journal of Life Sciences</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Евразийский журнал наук о жизни</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3033-5493</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-6031</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Сеченовский Университет</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47093/3033-5493.2026.2.1.45-56</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">ejols-49</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Fundamental Pharmacology</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Фундаментальная Фармакология</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Function of the sodium-calcium exchanger during myocardial contraction-relaxation caused by strophanthin administration</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Участие натрий-кальциевого обменника в регуляции сокращения и расслабления миокарда при введении строфантина</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8401-3460</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бережнова</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berezhnova</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна А. Бережнова, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, заведующая кафедрой фармакологии</p><p>ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatjana A. Berezhnova, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Head of the Pharmacology Department</p><p>10, Studencheskaya str., Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1333-5638</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мошуров</surname><given-names>И. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Moshurov</surname><given-names>I. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Иван П. Мошуров, доктор медицинских наук, профессор, ректор</p><p>ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ivan P. Moshurov, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Acting Rector</p><p>10, Studencheskaya str., Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6306-5149</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Алабовский</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Alabovsky</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Владимир В. Алабовский, доктор медицинских наук, профессор кафедры клинической лабораторной диагностики</p><p>ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladimir V. Alabovsky, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor of the Clinical Laboratory Diagnostic Department</p><p>10, Studencheskaya str., Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3094-4307</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коваленко</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kovalenko</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ирина В. Коваленко, ассистент кафедры фармакологии</p><p>ул. Студенческая, 10, Воронеж, 394036</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Kovalenko, Assistant of the Pharmacology Department</p><p>10, Studencheskaya str., Voronezh, 394036</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kovalenkoirin@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9528-7985</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сюй</surname><given-names>Ч.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Ch.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сюй Чаоцянь, профессор кафедры фармакологии, Государственно-провинциальная ключевая лаборатория биомедицинской фармацевтики Китая, ключевая лаборатория исследований сердечно-сосудистой медицины; фармацевтический колледж</p><p>ул. Баоцзянь, 157, Харбин, 150081</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Chaoqian Xu, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine Pharmaceutics of China, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Medicine Research; College of Pharmacy</p><p>157, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0830-0000</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ян</surname><given-names>Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yang</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ян Лэй, профессор отделения ортопедии Первой клинической больницы Харбинского медицинского университета, Государственная ключевая лаборатория сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний холодных регионов (SKLFZCD)</p><p>ул. Баоцзянь, 157, Харбин, 150081</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lei Yang, Professor, Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular Diseases (SKLFZCD)</p><p>157, Baojian Road, Harbin, 150081</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Воронежский государственный медицинский университет имени Н. Н. Бурденко</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Voronezh State Medical University named after N.N. Burdenko</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Харбинский медицинский университет</institution><country>Китай</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Harbin Medical University</institution><country>China</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>07</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>56</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Berezhnova T.A., Moshurov I.P., Alabovsky V.V., Kovalenko I.V., Xu C., Yang L., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Бережнова Т.А., Мошуров И.П., Алабовский В.В., Коваленко И.В., Сюй Ч., Ян Л.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berezhnova T.A., Moshurov I.P., Alabovsky V.V., Kovalenko I.V., Xu C., Yang L.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.eajls.com/jour/article/view/49">https://www.eajls.com/jour/article/view/49</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Cardiac glycosides influence myocardial contractility via affecting Na⁺–Ca²⁺ exchange, but the isolated contribution of this mechanism remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of strophanthin on cardiac contractions generated by the sodium-calcium exchange system alone.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. Experiments were performed on isolated hearts of Wistar laboratory rats perfused through the aorta using the Langendorff technique. Contractions were induced by perfusion with solutions of varying Na⁺ concentrations. Strophanthin in ampoules that was used as the studied pharmaceuticals was added to the perfusion medium at a final concentration up to 0.5 μmol/L. An equivalent volume of saline was administered in the control series.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. Experiments showed that the heart continued to contract and relax with each cycle of Na+–Ca2+exchange activation. However, the rate of contraction in the second repetition was 32 % lower. Strophanthin reduced contraction force in all three repetitions. Particularly significant disturbances were observed during the first stimulation — by 78 %. Muscle contractions and relaxation occurred under gradual increase in muscle tone during diastole. Given that strophanthin can reduce the activity of the Na+/K+-Adenosine Triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase), our experiments clearly demonstrated the glycoside’s ability to increase intracellular sodium, and consequently, calcium concentrations. Repeated calcium efflux from cells via Na+–Ca2+exchange proved ineffective in the presence of strophanthin. The heart continued to experience calcium overload, which was reflected in the increased cardiac diastole stress.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. When cardiac cells experience calcium ion overload, the final physiological effect influenced by strophanthin may be negative rather than positive.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Сердечные гликозиды влияют на сократимость миокарда, в том числе через воздействие на Na⁺-Ca²⁺-обмен, однако изолированный вклад этого механизма остается недостаточно изученным. Цель исследования – определить влияние строфантина на сердечные сокращения, формируемые исключительно системой натрий-кальциевого обмена.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Эксперименты проводили на изолированных сердцах лабораторных крыс линии Wistar, перфузируемых через аорту по методу Лангендорфа. Сокращения вызывали путем перфузии растворами с различной концентрацией Na⁺. В качестве исследуемого лекарственного препарата использовали строфантин в ампулах, который добавляли в перфузионную среду до конечной концентрации 0,5 мкмоль/л. В качестве контроля использован эквивалентный объем физиологического раствора.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. В экспериментах выявили, что сердце продолжало сокращаться и расслабляться при каждом цикле активации Na⁺-Ca²⁺-обмена. Однако во втором повторе скорость сокращения была ниже на 32%. Строфантин снижал силу сокращений во всех трех повторах. Наиболее выраженные нарушения отмечали при первой стимуляции: сила сокращений снижалась на 78%. Сокращение и расслабление миокарда происходили на фоне постепенного повышения мышечного тонуса в диастолу. Учитывая, что строфантин способен снижать активность Na⁺/K⁺-аденозинтрифосфатазы (Na⁺/K⁺-АТФазы), показана способность гликозида повышать внутриклеточную концентрацию натрия и, как следствие, кальция. Повторное выведение кальция из клеток через Na⁺-Ca²⁺-обмен в присутствии строфантина оказалось неэффективным. В миокарде сохранялась кальциевая перегрузка, что проявлялось повышением диастолического напряжения сердца.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. При перегрузке кардиомиоцитов ионами кальция итоговый физиологический эффект строфантина может быть не положительным, а отрицательным.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Na⁺-Ca²⁺-обмен</kwd><kwd>строфантин</kwd><kwd>кальциевая перегрузка сердца</kwd><kwd>саркоплазматический ретикулум</kwd><kwd>потенциал-зависимые каналы</kwd><kwd>сердечные гликозиды</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Na+–Ca2+ metabolism</kwd><kwd>strophanthin</kwd><kwd>cardiac calcium overload</kwd><kwd>sarcoplasmic reticulum</kwd><kwd>voltage-dependent channels</kwd><kwd>cardiac glycosides</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gurevich MA, Gavrilin AA. 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