ejolsThe Eurasian Journal of Life SciencesЕвразийский журнал наук о жизни3033-54933033-6031Сеченовский Университет10.47093/3033-5493.2025.1.2.36-55ejols-30Research ArticleСтатьиChronic low-level inflammation in childhood obesity: systematic review and meta-analysis of key biomarkersХроническое субклиническое воспаление при ожирении у детей: систематический обзор и мета-анализ ключевых биомаркеровhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5250-7351КовтунО. П.KovtunO. P.

Ольга Петровна Ковтун, Доктор медицинских наук, Профессор, Академик Российской Академии Наук, Директор Института Фундаментальной Медицины

ул. Репина, 3, Екатеринбург, 620028

Olga P.Kovtun, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor, Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Director, Institute of Fundamental Medicine

3, Repina str., Yekaterinburg, 620028

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4285-6902УстюжанинаМ. А.UstiuzhaninaM. A.

Маргарита Александровна Устюжанина, Кандидат медицинских наук, Доцент, Кафедра поликлинической педиатрии

ул. Репина, 3, Екатеринбург, 620028

Margarita A.Ustiuzhanina, Cand. Sci. (Med.), Associate Professor, Department of Outpatient Pediatrics

3, Repina str., Yekaterinburg, 620028

ustmargarita@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-8178-5818ФлягинМ. А.FliaginM. A.

Михаил Александрович Флягин, Проректор по перспективному развитию и международной деятельности

ул. Репина, 3, Екатеринбург, 620028

Mikhail A.Fliagin, Vice-Rector for Perspective Development and International Relations

3, Repina str., Yekaterinburg, 620028

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1262-7383ГунЧунсюGongChunxiu

Чунсю Гун, Профессор, Почётный директор, Департамент эндокринологии, генетики и метаболизма

ул. Нанилиши, 56, г. Пекин, 100045

Chunxiu Gong, Professor, Honorary Director, Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism

56, Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4122-5818ЦаоБинъяньCaoBingyan

Бинъянь Цао, Директор, Отделение эндокринологии

ул. Ябао, 2, район Чаоян, г. Пекин, 100020

Bingyan Cao, Director, Department of Endocrinology

2, Yabao Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100020

https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2952-6890ДоуСиньюйDouXinyu

Синьюй Доу, MD, клинический постдок, Департамент эндокринологии, генетики и метаболизма

ул. Наньлиши, 56, г. Пекин, 100045

Xinyu Dou, MD, clinical postdoctor, Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism

56, Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8378-6613ИВанYiWang

Ван И, MD, научный сотрудник, Департамент эндокринологии, генетики и метаболизма

ул. Наньлиши, 56, г. Пекин, 100045

Yi Wang, MD, Fellow, Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism

56, Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7929-9820ЛюМэйцзюаньLiuMeijuan

Мэйцзюань Лю, MD, научный сотрудник, Департамент эндокринологии, генетики и метаболизма

ул. Наньлиши, 56, г. Пекин, 100045

Meijuan Liu, MD, Fellow, Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism

56, Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2742-0438ЧжанЦиньZhangQin

Цинь Чжан, MD, клинический постдок, Департамент эндокринологии, генетики и метаболизма

ул. Наньлиши, 56, г. Пекин, 100045

Qin Zhang, MD, clinical postdoctor, Department of Endocrinology, Genetics and Metabolism

56, Nanlishi Road, Beijing, 100045

ФГБОУ ВО «Уральский государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской ФедерацииUral State Medical UniversityПекинская детская больница, Столичный медицинский университет, Национальный центр здоровья детейBeijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children’s HealthДетская больница при Столичном институте педиатрииChildren’s Hospital Affiliated to Capital institute of Pediatrics202518012026123655Copyright © Kovtun O.P., Ustiuzhanina M.A., Fliagin M.A., Gong C., Cao B., Dou X., Yi W., Liu M., Zhang Q., 20262026Ковтун О.П., Устюжанина М.А., Флягин М.А., Гун Ч., Цао Б., Доу С., И В., Лю М., Чжан Ц.Kovtun O.P., Ustiuzhanina M.A., Fliagin M.A., Gong C., Cao B., Dou X., Yi W., Liu M., Zhang Q.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.eajls.com/jour/article/view/30

Childhood obesity is associated with chronic low-level inflammation, which is considered a key mechanism in the development of insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and increased cardiovascular risk. Increased levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP) and high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) have been reported in children with obesity, but research results are contradictory, and pooled quantitative estimates of the levels of these biomarkers for the pediatric population have not yet been conducted.

The aim of the study was to systematize data on inflammatory biomarkers in children with obesity and to compare their levels quantitatively with control groups.

A systematic search of publications was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Semantic Scholar, e-Library and Google Scholar (until August 2025). Observational studies were included in children and adolescents aged 6–18 years with obesity diagnosed according to WHO criteria or national standards, which reported levels of CRP, hs-CRP, IL-6 or TNF-α.

The meta-analysis included 21 studies with a total of 11,193 participants. Children with obesity showed a significant increase elevated levels of all the inflammatory cytokines studied. The most pronounced difference was noted for CRP, g = −1.30 (95% CI: −2.32; −0.29), whereas hs-CRP, g = −0.70 (95% CI: −1.01; −0.39), IL-6, g = −0.51 (95% CI: −0.80; −0.21) and TNF-α, g = −0.60 (95% CI: −0.97; −0.24) demonstrated moderate, but stable and significant effects.

To our knowledge, this is the first meta-analysis to summarize data on inflammatory cytokines in children with obesity. hs-CRP showed a more moderate effect size but more stable and reproducible results which make it suitable for clinical use. Importantly, these findings gain additional significance when viewed in the context of studies in adolescents, adults, and the elderly, where dynamic of inflammatory cytokines are associated with subclinical vascular changes, cardiovascular events, and mortality. Elevated levels of these markers in childhood may serve as an early biological signal of long-term cardiometabolic risk.

Ожирение у детей ассоциируется с хроническим субклиническим воспалением, которое считают ключевым механизмом в развитии инсулинорезистентности, дислипидемии и повышении риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Повышенные содержание интерлейкина-6 (ИЛ-6), фактора некроза опухоли-α (ФНО-α), C-реактивного белка (CРБ) и высокочувствительного CRP (ВЧ-CРБ) отмечены у детей с ожирением. Однако результаты исследований противоречивы, а обобщенные количественные оценки уровней этих биомаркеров для детской популяции до сих пор не проводили.

Целью исследования была систематизация данных о воспалительных биомаркерах у детей с ожирением и сравнение их количественного содержания с контрольными группами.

Проведен систематический поиск публикаций в базах данных PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Semantic Scholar, e-Library и Google Scholar (до августа 2025 г.). В анализ включили наблюдательные исследования с участием детей и подростков в возрасте 6–18 лет с ожирением, диагностированным согласно критериям ВОЗ или национальным стандартам, в которых определяли CРБ, ВЧ-CРБ, ИЛ-6 или ФНО-α.

В мета-анализ вошло 21 исследование с 11 193 участниками в общей сложности. У детей с ожирением выявили достоверное повышение уровней всех изученных воспалительных цитокинов. Наиболее выраженная разница отмечена для CРБ, g = −1,30 (95% ДИ: от −2,32 до −0,29), тогда как для остальных биомаркеров отмечен умеренный, но стабильный и статистически значимые различия: ВЧ-CРБ, g = −0,70 (95% ДИ: от −1,01 до −0,39), ИЛ-6, g = −0,51 (95% ДИ: от −0,80 до −0,21) и ФНО-α, g = −0,60 (95% ДИ: от −0,97 до −0,24).

Насколько нам известно, это первый мета-анализ, обобщающий данные о воспалительных цитокинах у детей с ожирением. При анализе содержания ВЧ-CРБ отметили наиболее умеренную величину эффекта, и более стабильные и воспроизводимые результаты, что делает этот биомаркер ценным для клинического применения. Важно, что эти данные также ценны в контексте исследований в популяции подростков, взрослых и пожилых людей, где динамика воспалительных цитокинов ассоциирована с субклиническими сосудистыми изменениями, сердечно-сосудистыми событиями и смертностью. Повышенные уровни изученных маркеров в детском возрасте могут служить ранним биологическим сигналом долгосрочного кардиометаболического риска.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.